Compare graphite flotation and coal flotation in Reflux Flotation Cell

The Reflux Flotation Cell (RFC) has been developed as a game-changing technology to improve fine particle flotation, coarse particle flotation and plant capacity. It has been proved successful for coal flotation. This study compared graphite flotation and coal flotation in the RFC under the operation conditions established for optimizing coal flotation with an objective of extending the RFC to mineral flotation. It was interesting to find that graphite flotation in the RFC produced much lower combustible recovery than coal flotation especially at a high gas flux despite the same surface property and feed size of graphite and coal particles tested. Through the modelling of fluid flow, it was found that the lower combustible recovery from graphite flotation was due to the lower sphericity of graphite particles. The flaky graphite particles promoted a greater dynamic drag force and a greater particle settling velocity compared to coal particles with a greater sphericity. This increased the relative velocity between particles and bubbles in the RFC downcomer, unfavourable for bubble-particle attachment in graphite flotation in the RFC. In addition, a higher gas flux environment in the RFC downcomer produced a higher bubble slip velocity, further increasing the relative velocity between particles and bubbles, exacerbating graphite flotation. Furthermore, the extra gas in the inclined channels pushed more graphite particles to the tailing stream given the higher particle settling velocity. This study indicates a direction of how to optimize graphite flotation in the RFC.