Advanced Levels of Chronic Venous Insufficiency are Related to an Increased in Arterial Stiffness

Background Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is characterized by progressive inflammatory changes. Inflammatory damage occurs in the veins, adjacent tissues, and can lead to structural changes in the arteries. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the degree of CVI is associated with arterial stiffness.Methods Cross-sectional study including patients with CVI classified by clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological classification (CEAP) 1 to 6. We performed correlation between the degree of CVI, central and peripheral arterial pressure, and arterial stiffness measured by brachial artery oscillometry.Results We evaluated 70 patients, 53 of whom were women with a mean age of 54.7 years. Patients with advanced degrees of venous insufficiency CEAP 4,5,6, had higher levels of systolic, diastolic, central, and peripheral arterial pressures compared to those with early stages (CEAP 1,2,3). The CEAP 4,5,6 group had higher arterial stiffness indices than the CEAP 1,2,3 group: pulse wave velocity (PWV) 9.3 m/s vs. 7.0 m/s, P < 0.001; augmentation pressure (AP) 8.0 mm Hg vs. 6.3 mm Hg; P = 0.04. There was a positive correlation between the degree of venous insufficiency measured by the venous clinical severity score, villalta score and CEAP classification, and the arterial stiffness indices (Spearman's coefficient = 0.62 for PWV and CEAP, P < 0.01). The factors influencing PWV were age, peripheral systolic arterial pressure (SAPp), and AP.Conclusions There is a correlation between the degree of venous disease and arterial structural changes characterized by arterial pressure and stiffness indices. Degenerative changes secondary to venous insufficiency are associated with impairment of the arterial system, which has implications for the development of cardiovascular disease.