The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body

被引:21
|
作者
Costantino, Andrea [1 ]
Maiese, Aniello [1 ]
Lazzari, Julia [1 ]
Casula, Chiara [1 ]
Turillazzi, Emanuela [1 ]
Frati, Paola [2 ]
Fineschi, Vittorio [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Pisa, Inst Legal Med, Dept Surg Med & Mol Pathol & Crit Care Med, Via Roma 55, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[2] Sapienza Univ Rome, Inst Legal Med, Dept Anat Histol Forens & Orthoped Sci, Viale Regina Elena 336, I-00161 Rome, Italy
关键词
energy drink; Red Bull; Monster; taurine; adverse effects; arrhythmia; death; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION; TAURINE DEPLETION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; CARDIAC-ARREST; IN-VIVO; CAFFEINE; LIVER; INGESTION; ALCOHOL;
D O I
10.3390/nu15183922
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. These concerns include cardiovascular problems, nervous system disorders, and the potential for addiction. This review aims to examine the reported effects of acute or chronic abuse of energy drinks on human health. The analysis shows a significant prevalence of adverse effects, particularly on the cardiovascular and neurovegetative systems. In particular, the analysis identified nine cases of cardiac arrest, three of which were fatal. The aetiology of these adverse effects is attributed to the inherent neurostimulant properties of these beverages, of which caffeine is the predominant component. A comparison of documented effects in humans with experimental studies in animal models showed an overlap in results. This review highlights the need for greater rigour in the assessment of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young people, as legal substances such as energy drinks may be involved. We propose stricter limits on the consumption of these beverages than for caffeine, based on the evidence found and the data in the literature. This review also calls for the establishment of regulations governing the consumption of these products in view of their potential impact on human health.
引用
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页数:31
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