Planar heterojunction formamidinium lead-based perovskite solar cells with MXenes/Au electrode

Formamidinium (NH2CHNH2+) lead-based perovskite materials are becoming one of the suitable materials for planar heterojunction solar cell due to its wide bandgap tunability feature. In this work, simulation of formamidinium lead-based perovskite solar cell device is performed using SCAPS-1D software where bandgap of the absorber layer has been varied along with the other parameters like electron affinity, conduction & valence band effective density of states and thickness. With those variations, photovoltaic performance parameters e.g., open circuit voltage (V-OC), current density (J(SC)), efficiency (?), fill factor (FF), and Quantum efficiency ( QE ) have been investigated. The effect of thickness variation of absorber layer, SnO(2 )and ZnO as a different ETL material and effect of gold (Au)/2-D MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) as a rear electrode have been explored and depicted its effects on overall photovoltaic performance parameters. Further, the effects of series/shunt resistance (R(Series)andR(Shunt) ) have also been simulated using SCAPS-1D software.