Driving Decisions for Autonomous Vehicles in Intersection Environments: Deep Reinforcement Learning Approaches with Risk Assessment

Intersection scenarios are one of the most complex and high-risk traffic scenarios. Therefore, it is important to propose a vehicle driving decision algorithm for intersection scenarios. Most of the related studies have focused on considering explicit collision risks while lacking consideration for potential driving risks. Therefore, this study proposes a deep-reinforcement-learning-based driving decision algorithm to address these problems. In this study, a non-deterministic vehicle driving risk assessment method is proposed for intersection scenarios and introduced into a learning-based intelligent driving decision algorithm. In addition, this study proposes an attention network based on state information. In this study, a typical intersection scenario was constructed using simulation software, and experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively derive a driving strategy with both driving efficiency and driving safety in the intersection driving scenario. It is also demonstrated that the attentional neural network designed in this study helps intelligent vehicles to perceive the surrounding environment more accurately, improves the performance of intelligent vehicles, as well as accelerates the convergence speed.