New Evidence of Neolithic Funerary Monuments from the Eastern Margins of the Long Barrows Territory in Central Europe

被引:1
|
作者
Kristuf, Petr [1 ]
Turek, Jan [2 ]
Fiser, Jan [3 ]
Gojda, Martin [1 ,4 ]
Chimalova, Eliska [1 ]
Krivanek, Roman [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ West Bohemia Pilsen, Fac Arts, Dept Archaeol, Sedlackova 15, Plzen 30614, Czech Republic
[2] Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Theoret Study, Prague, Czech Republic
[3] Univ Hradec Kralove, Philosoph Fac, Dept Polit, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
[4] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol, Prague, Czech Republic
关键词
Long barrows; Late Neolithic; Bohemia/Czech Republic; Remote sensing;
D O I
10.1007/s11759-024-09489-6
中图分类号
K85 [文物考古];
学科分类号
0601 ;
摘要
Late Neolithic long barrows are commonly found throughout Central and Northwestern Europe, within the Funnel Beaker Culture territory. The sites of this Culture are known from Bohemia covering a period between 3900 and 3400 BC. However, long barrows have not been detected in Bohemia for a long time. The main reason is that they are located in areas where they were affected by modern ploughing. A significant contribution to their recognition was the remote sensing of modern fields, especially aerial archaeology. Current research in Bohemia provided new evidence of dozens of long barrows of several types, significantly expanding our knowledge of this phenomenon in the southeastern margins of its distribution. A new type of long barrow has been identified in Bohemia using remote sensing and current excavation data. The characteristic parameters of the long barrows in Bohemia are an east-west orientation with the ceremonial place in the eastern front and the delineation of the perimeter by a palisade trough or a ditch. The mounds can be divided into at least two structural and chronological forms. The first is the narrow and sometimes extremely long mound with perimeter defined by a palisade trough dating to the 3900-3800 BC. The second type of barrow is enclosed by a trapezoidal ditch. Based on radiocarbon dating, these structures were constructed during the 3700-3600 BC. This type of monument is currently known exclusively from Bohemia. Les longs tumulus de la fin du Neolithique sont habituellement decouverts a travers l'Europe centrale et du Nord-ouest, au sein du territoire de la Culture des vases a entonnoir. C'est en Boheme que les sites de cette culture sont connus et ils couvrent une periode entre 3900 et 3400 av. J-C. Toutefois, de longs tumulus n'ont pas ete decouverts en Boheme depuis longtemps. La raison principale en est qu'ils sont situes dans des zones ou ils ont ete affectes par le labourage moderne. Le releve a distance des champs modernes a contribue de maniere significative a leur reconnaissance, en particulier l'archeologie aerienne. La recherche actuelle en Boheme a mis en evidence des indices nouveaux de douzaines de longs tumulus de types differents, elargissant de maniere sensible notre connaissance de ce phenomene dans les limites sud-est de sa repartition. Un type nouveau de long tumulus a ete identifie en Boheme en recourant au releve a distance ainsi qu'aux donnees actuelles de fouilles. Les parametres caracteristiques des longs tumulus en Boheme sont une orientation d'est en ouest avec un site de ceremonie place sur la face est, ainsi qu'un perimetre delimite par une cloture ou un fosse. Les monticules peuvent au moins etre divises en deux formes structurelles et chronologiques. La premiere est la butte etroite et parfois extremement longue dont le perimetre est defini par une cloture datant de 3900 a 3800 av. J-C. Le second type de tumulus est entoure d'un fosse trapezoidal. Au regard de la datation par radiocarbone, ces structures ont ete erigees au cours des annees 3700 a 3600 av. J-C. Ce n'est qu'uniquement en Boheme que ce type de monument est actuellement connu. Los tumulos largos del Neolitico tardio se encuentran comunmente en toda Europa central y noroccidental, dentro del territorio de la cultura de los vasos de embudo. Los sitios de esta cultura se conocen en Bohemia y abarcan un periodo comprendido entre el 3900 y el 3400 a.C. Sin embargo, en Bohemia hace tiempo que no se detectan tumulos largos. La razon principal es que estan ubicados en zonas donde fueron afectados por el arado moderno. Una contribucion importante a su reconocimiento fue la teledeteccion de los campos modernos, especialmente la arqueologia aerea. La investigacion actual en Bohemia proporciono nueva evidencia de docenas de tumulos largos de varios tipos, ampliando significativamente nuestro conocimiento sobre este fenomeno en los margenes sureste de su distribucion. Se ha identificado un nuevo tipo de tumulo largo en Bohemia mediante sensores remotos y datos de excavaciones actuales. Los parametros caracteristicos de los tumulos largos en Bohemia son una orientacion este-oeste con el lugar ceremonial en el frente oriental y la delimitacion del perimetro mediante una empalizada o un foso. Los monticulos se pueden dividir en al menos dos formas estructurales y cronologicas. El primero es el monticulo estrecho y a veces extremadamente largo con un perimetro definido por una empalizada que data del 3900-3800 a.C. El segundo tipo de tumulo esta rodeado por un foso trapezoidal. Segun la datacion por radiocarbono, estas estructuras se construyeron entre el 3700 y el 3600 a.C. Este tipo de monumento se conoce actualmente exclusivamente en Bohemia.
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页码:417 / 453
页数:37
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