Climate change and tourism: Assessing the nexus and climate-related disasters in diverse economies

This study explores the intricate interplay between tourism and climate change across diverse country groups: the G7, BRICS, and CIVET. It uncovers bidirectional relationships between CO2 emissions and international tourist arrivals (ITA), emphasizing the importance of region -specific environmental policies and comprehensive climate change strategies in the tourism sector. Surprisingly, the analysis reveals differing correlations between foreign direct investment (FDI) and CO2 emissions, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis in the G7 and the pollution halo effect in the BRICS and CIVET groups, necessitating tailored policies and stakeholder engagement. Additionally, the study highlights renewable energy consumption's potential to mitigate CO2 emissions, particularly in developing countries, underscoring the significance of policies promoting eco-friendly investments and technology transfer. Human Development Index (HDI) analysis unveils varying impacts, emphasizing targeted interventions in developed nations and sustainable development in developing countries. Surprising correlations between climate -related disasters (CRDs) and ITA underscore the need for improved disaster risk mitigation in emerging countries and global cooperation. In summary, this research calls for regionspecific policies, sustainable tourism practices, and international collaboration to address climate change's multifaceted challenges in tourism.