CONFESSIONAL RELIGIOUS EDUCATION REFORMS AND ITS IMPACT ON MUSLIM IDENTITY IN KAZAKHSTAN 1860-1917

The article considers the features of the reformation of education during the colonization of Kazakhstan. The study aims at comprehending the policies and practices of the Russian Empire and their consequences for the education of the Muslim population. The study proves that Christianization and Russification policies caused attempts to assimilate and control educational institutions. It is concluded that the state-confessional relations established by the Russian Empire in Kazakhstan were crucial for Muslim education. Although the Russian Empire sought to dominate the Muslim population, it faced resistance and resentment from Muslim communities. The persistence of Muslim culture and the emergence of religious reform movements were major obstacles to the goals of Russification and Christianization.