Endoglin and soluble endoglin in liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction in vivo

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a crucial role in regulating the hepatic function. Endoglin (ENG), a transmembrane glycoprotein, was shown to be related to the development of endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesized the relationship between changes in ENG expression and markers of liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction (LSED) during liver impairment. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 9-12 weeks were fed with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet (intrahepatic cholestasis) or choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high-fat diet (CDAA-HFD) (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)).Significant increases in liver enzymes, fibrosis, and inflammation biomarkers were observed in both cholestasis and NASH. Decreased p-eNOS/eNOS and VE-cadherin protein expression and a significant increase in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression were detected, indicating LSED in both mouse models of liver damage. A significant reduction of ENG in the DDC-fed mice, while a significant increase of ENG in the CDAA-HFD group was observed. Both DDC and CDAA-HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in MMP-14 protein expression, which is related to significantly increased levels of soluble endoglin (sENG) in the plasma.In conclusion, we demonstrated that intrahepatic cholestasis and NASH result in an altered ENG expression, predominantly in LSECs, suggesting a critical role of ENG expression for the proper function of liver sinusoids. Both pathologies resulted in elevated sENG levels, cleaved by MMP-14 expressed predominantly from LSECs, indicating sENG as a liver injury biomarker.