Post-buckling and vibration analysis of double-curved sandwich panels with SMA embedded faces

Shape memory alloys, especially in the form of wire, can provide structures with magnificent improvements in buckling and frequency responses. The SMA's ability to recover its original shape can produce a sizable amount of recovery stress, resulting in enhancing natural frequency and critical temperature and lowering the maximum deflection of structures. In this study, in addition to considering the effects of SMA presence in double-curved sandwich plate on the aforementioned characteristics, the influences of heat treatment of curing SMAs on their properties, calculated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing, and sandwich structures will be considered. Furthermore, the effects of recovery stress, the volume fraction, and the position of SMA wires on thermal and mechanical stability will be studied. The Boyd & Lagoudas SMA constitutive model is utilized in the ABAQUS UMAT subroutine.