Recent advances in dosage form design for the elderly: a review

IntroductionWith the increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of multiple medical conditions, medication adherence, and efficacy have become crucial for the effective management of their health. The aging population faces unique challenges that need to be addressed through advancements in drug delivery systems and formulation technologies.Areas coveredThe current review highlights the recent advances in dosage form design for older individuals, with consideration of their specific physiological and cognitive changes. Various dosage forms, such as modified-release tablets/capsules, chewable tablets, and transdermal patches, can be tailored to meet the specific needs of elderly patients. Advancements in drug delivery systems, such as nanotherapeutics, additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing), and drug-food combinations, improve drug delivery and efficacy and overcome challenges, such as dysphagia and medication adherence.Expert opinionRegulatory guidelines and considerations are crucial in ensuring the safe utilization of medications among older adults. Important factors to consider include geriatric-specific guidelines, safety considerations, labeling requirements, clinical trial considerations, and adherence and accessibility considerations.