Bulk-boundary correspondence in disordered non-Hermitian systems

The bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) refers to the consistency between eigenvalues calculated under open and periodic boundary conditions. This consistency can be destroyed in systems with non -Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). In spite of the great success of the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ) theory in clean non-Hermitian systems, the applicability of GBZ theory is questionable when the translational symmetry is broken. Thus, it is of great value to rebuild the BBC for disordered samples, which extends the application of GBZ theory in non-Hermitian systems. Here, we propose a scheme to reconstruct BBC, which can be regarded as the solution of an optimization problem. By solving the optimization problem analytically, we reconstruct the BBC and obtain the modified GBZ theory in several prototypical disor-dered non-Hermitian models. The modified GBZ theory provides a precise description of the fantastic NHSE, which predicts the asynchronous-disorder-reversed NHSE's directions. (c) 2023 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights reserved.