Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to children's oral health in pediatricians and students in the pediatric field in Iran: a cross-sectional study

Background: Pediatricians have an important role to play in motivating and instructing parents on oral health in children. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of, attitude to, and behavior regarding oral health care in children among pediatricians and students in the pediatric field in Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study included all students in the pediatric field (those who had started a residency or fellowship) and practicing pediatricians in provincial centers and universities (61 setting centers) throughout Iran in the course of 2021. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing details of the parameters of knowledge of, attitude to, and behavior toward oral health for each individual. A convenience sampling technique was used to gather the study sample. All data were coded for each of the parameters. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)/Tukey and Pearson's correlation tests and path analysis.Results: Out of 582 participants who visited the website, a total of 217 completed the entire questionnaire (participation rate of 37.2%). On the attitude parameter, 84.8% of participants scored above 75% of the possible attainable score, while only 37.9% and 48.1% of them had adequate knowledge and behavior for the possible score, respectively. Specialists had a higher mean score on behavior and knowledge than residents (P=0.001). There was a significant correlation between the scores on attitude and behavior (r=0.42, P<0.001), attitude and knowledge (r=0.19, P=0.005), and behavior and knowledge (r=0.25, P<0.001). Nearly all of the participants, 216 (99.5%), felt the need for the principles of dentistry to be included in the curriculum.Conclusions: Pediatricians showed a favorable attitude to oral health, but their knowledge of and behavior in the field was inadequate. Improvement of pediatricians' interest and performance in oral health in children should be encouraged through the inclusion of these parameters in the curriculum for students of the pediatric field. Implementing training programs for practical pediatricians or incorporating independent theoretical and clinical courses offered by pediatric dentists in dental school departments into the field curriculum of the students in the pediatric field is recommended.