Entropy study of electromagnetohydrodynamic trihybrid nanofluid flow within non-uniform peristaltic across microchannel

In this work, an inspection of the entropy generation of ternary nanofluids inside an irregular peristaltic channel resulting from heat transfer and fluid viscosity in addition to the combined effects of electric and magnetic fields is conducted. The flow is supposed to be subject to a combination of external forces such as an electric field, a magnetic field, thermal radiation, and Joule heating due to the Lorentz force. This model is a representation of the heat transfer processes of heat exchangers and some types of solar cells. Variation in channel width is an effective factor that has not been addressed by many researchers before, these assumptions are simulated by a set of nonlinear partial differential equations due to the dual effect of electric and magnetic forces and under the influence of special boundary conditions. This set of equations has been converted to non-dimensional equations and then solved analytically to study the behavior of velocities, heat transfer, and the rate of entropy generation inside the channel under the influence of important embedded parameters. Some notable results have been reached, such as a clear growth of the entropy generation system by using more than one type of nanoparticle as a result of the improvement that occurs in the thermal and magnetic conductivity of the fluid, in addition to the increase in viscosity. The irreversibility resulting from friction and the electric and magnetic fields clearly rises in the middle and diminishes at the walls compared to the irreversibility resulting from thermal transfer.