Essential role of CD155 glycosylation in functional binding to DNAM-1 on natural killer cells

The cluster of differentiation 155 (CD155) is highly expressed on tumor cells and augments or inhibits the cytotoxic activities of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells through its receptor ligands DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), respectively. Although CD155 is heavily glycosylated, the role of glycosylation of CD155 in the cytotoxic activity of effector lymphocytes remains unknown. Here, we show that the N-linked glycosylation at residue 105 (N105 glycosylation) in the first Ig-like domain of CD155 is involved in the binding of CD155 to both DNAM-1 and TIGIT. The N105 glycosylation also plays an essential role to induce signaling in both DNAM-1 and TIGIT reporter cells. Moreover, we show that the N105 glycosylation of CD155 contributes preferentially to the DNAM-1-mediated activating signal over the TIGIT-mediated inhibitory signal in NK cells. Our results demonstrated the important role of the N105 glycosylation of CD155 in DNAM-1 and TIGIT functions and shed new light on the understanding of tumor immune responses. Graphical Abstract