Dietary Intake by Toddlers and Preschool Children: Preliminary Results from a Michigan Cohort

Identifying the consumption patterns of toddlers and preschool children is critical to evaluating their potential for healthy development and future heath trajectories. The purpose of this longitudinal cohort study was to describe breastfeeding, nutritional trends, and dietary diversity in 12-to-36-month-old children in a Michigan cohort. Mothers completed surveys when their children were 12 (n = 44), 24 (n = 46) and 36 months old (n = 32). Mothers reported their child's dietary intake in the past 24 h and intake of specific foods in the past year. About 95% of 12-to-24-month-old children in the study population were ever breastfed, with 70% consuming human milk at 6 months and just over 40% at 12 months. Over 90% of participants gave their child a bottle since birth, with 75% providing human milk and 69% giving formula. Consumption of juice significantly increased with age and similar to 55% of the 36-month-old children consumed juice. A larger proportion of children consumed soda, chocolate, and candy as they aged. Though dietary diversity numerically increased with child age, this did not reach significance. Gut microbiota composition and structure was not associated with diet diversity. This research lays the foundation for future work to determine which nutritional interventions may be most effective in this population.