An integrated design method for used product remanufacturing scheme considering carbon emission

Remanufacturing scheme design (RSD) is a necessary process to improve the utilization of waste resources and reduce the remanufacturing carbon emissions. However, the lack of a mapping between the RSD parameters and carbon emissions makes it challenging to generate remanufacturing schemes that satisfy the low-carbon target. This would lead to large-scale remanufacturing of carbon emissions resulting from unreasonable RSD solutions, depriving remanufacturing of its energy saving and emission reduction benefits. To this end, this paper proposes an integrated design method for remanufacturing scheme considering the carbon emission. For establishing the relationship between the RSD parameters and the carbon emissions, the axiomatic design (AD) matrix and sensitivity analysis method are applied to select the mapping model between RSD parameters and remanu-facturing carbon emissions, which analyzed the correlation between the three levels of RSD-remanufacturing process-carbon emission. Then, a multi-constrained objective optimization model with the depreciation of remanufacturing carbon emissions as the optimization objective is established, which is set the RSD parameters as the optimization variables. Meanwhile, an improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm (IBES) is used to solve the optimization model, contributing to the rapid solution of an optimal remanufacturing scheme. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by the RSD of the used injection mold as an example. The results show that the optimized RSD parameters reduce carbon emissions by 35.48 % compared to the original ones, which also demonstrates that the RSD method can effectively reduce carbon emissions from the remanufacturing of used products, as well as greatly reduce carbon emissions from large-scale remanufacturing industries, and promote sustainable development of the global industry.