Microwave biosensors for label-free bacteria detection

This paper presents an overview of the recent research findings on label-free microwave biosensors covered with polyclonal anti-Escherichia coli antibodies. The presented sensors' constructions feature high sensitivity to the bacteria attached to their surface, whereas selectivity on a specific bacterium is obtained by utilization of appropriate biofunctionalization. The sensors were designed, manufactured using various technologies, and characterized. The obtained results prove their usefulness and possibility for utilization in biomedical applications such as the detection of E. coli bacteria of as low as 10e3 CFU/ml concentration.