Depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK

被引：15

作者：

Young, K. S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Purves, K. L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hubel, C. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Davies, M. R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Thompson, K. N. ^{[1
]}

Bristow, S. ^{[1
]}

Krebs, G. ^{[1
]}

Danese, A. ^{[1
,4
,5
]}

Hirsch, C. ^{[6
]}

Parsons, C. E. ^{[7
]}

Vassos, E. ^{[1
]}

Adey, B. N. ^{[1
]}

Bright, S. ^{[1
]}

Hegemann, L. ^{[1
]}

Lee, Y. T. ^{[1
]}

Kalsi, G. ^{[1
,2
]}

Monssen, D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Mundy, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Peel, A. J. ^{[1
]}

Rayner, C. ^{[1
]}

Rogers, H. C. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ter Kuile, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ward, C. ^{[1
]}

York, K. ^{[1
]}

Lin, Y. ^{[1
]}

Palmos, A. B. ^{[1
]}

Schmidt, U. ^{[2
,8
]}

Veale, D. ^{[6
,9
]}

Nicholson, T. R. ^{[9
,10
]}

Pollak, T. A. ^{[9
,10
]}

Stevelink, S. A. M. ^{[8
]}

Moukhtarian, T. ^{[1
]}

Martineau, A. R. ^{[11
]}

Holt, H. ^{[11
]}

Maughan, B. ^{[1
]}

Al-Chalabi, A. ^{[12
]}

Chaudhuri, K. Ray ^{[12
,13
,14
]}

Richardson, M. P. ^{[2
,12
]}

Bradley, J. R. ^{[15
,16
]}

Chinnery, P. F. ^{[15
,16
,17
,18
]}

Kingston, N. ^{[15
,16
,19
]}

Papadia, S. ^{[15
,16
,20
]}

Stirrups, K. E. ^{[15
,16
,19
]}

Linger, R. ^{[15
,16
,20
]}

Hotopf, M. ^{[2
,8
]}

Eley, T. C. ^{[1
,2
]}

Breen, G. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London SE5 8AF, England

[2] Kings Coll London, NIHR Maudsley Biomed Res Ctr, London, England

[3] Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Dept Econ & Business Econ, Aarhus, Denmark

[4] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England

[5] South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Nationai & Specialist CAMHS Trauma Anxiety & Depr, London, England

[6] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Psychol, London, England

[7] Aarhus Univ, Interacting Minds Ctr, Dept Clin Med, Aarhus, Denmark

[8] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Psychol Med, London, England

[9] South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, London, England

[10] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Psychosis Studies, Sect Neuropsychiat, London, England

[11] Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, Blizard Inst, London E1 2AT, England

[12] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Basic & Clin Neurosci, London, England

[13] Kings Coll London, Parkinson Fdn Ctr Excellence, London, England

[14] Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England

[15] Cambridge Univ Hosp NHS Fdn, NIHR BioResource, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England

[16] Cambridge Univ Hosp NHS Fdn, NIHR Cambridge Biomed Res Ctr, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England

[17] Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England

[18] Univ Cambridge, MRC, Mitochondria Biol Unit, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England

[19] Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge, England

[20] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England

来源：

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE | 2023年 / 53卷 / 12期

基金：

英国医学研究理事会; 英国惠康基金;

关键词：

Anxiety; COVID-19; depression; PTSD; MENTAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; CHECKLIST; RESPONSES; PEOPLE; RATES;

D O I：

10.1017/S0033291722002501

中图分类号：

B849 [应用心理学];

学科分类号：

040203 ;

摘要：

Background The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health is still being unravelled. It is important to identify which individuals are at greatest risk of worsening symptoms. This study aimed to examine changes in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using prospective and retrospective symptom change assessments, and to find and examine the effect of key risk factors. Method Online questionnaires were administered to 34 465 individuals (aged 16 years or above) in April/May 2020 in the UK, recruited from existing cohorts or via social media. Around one-third (n = 12 718) of included participants had prior diagnoses of depression or anxiety and had completed pre-pandemic mental health assessments (between September 2018 and February 2020), allowing prospective investigation of symptom change. Results Prospective symptom analyses showed small decreases in depression (PHQ-9: -0.43 points) and anxiety [generalised anxiety disorder scale - 7 items (GAD)-7: -0.33 points] and increases in PTSD (PCL-6: 0.22 points). Conversely, retrospective symptom analyses demonstrated significant large increases (PHQ-9: 2.40; GAD-7 = 1.97), with 55% reported worsening mental health since the beginning of the pandemic on a global change rating. Across both prospective and retrospective measures of symptom change, worsening depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were associated with prior mental health diagnoses, female gender, young age and unemployed/student status. Conclusions We highlight the effect of prior mental health diagnoses on worsening mental health during the pandemic and confirm previously reported sociodemographic risk factors. Discrepancies between prospective and retrospective measures of changes in mental health may be related to recall bias-related underestimation of prior symptom severity.

引用

页码：5428 / 5441

页数：14

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