Thermal aspects of a radiative-convective semi-spherical porous fin of functionally graded material

The primary goal of this study is to examine the effects of radiation and convection on the thermal efficiency of a porous semi-sphere. The functionally graded material (i.e., quadratic, linear, and exponential FGM) used to construct the fin was selected after extensive research into the spatial dependence of its heat capacity. The non-dimensional similarity problem is solved using the RKF 45 technique. A parameterized analysis is performed to evaluate the effect of the relevant factors on the fin's temperature profile and heat transfer rate. Visual representations are used to compare the outcomes in all three scenarios. The results showed that quadratic FGM enhanced delayed heat transmission, whereas linear FGM was best for low-temperature processes. The heat transmission of quadratic function-graded materials is larger than that of linear and exponential function-graded materials.