A scoping review: sexual activity and functioning before and after surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), labral tears, and hip dysplasia

Introduction There is limited information on sexual activity and functioning for patients with hip abnormalities, specifically femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), labral tears, and hip dysplasia, before and after surgical interventions. Objectives The aim of this review was to synthesize the existing literature on sexual activity and functioning for patients with FAI, labral tears, and/or hip dysplasia before and after their respective surgeries. Methods We performed a rigorous, comprehensive search on multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Subject headings and a search string of key terms including Medical Subject Headings were used systematically to search these databases. The reference list was reviewed with an additional reviewer to reduce bias. Results A total of 726 articles were found during the search, which were narrowed down to 22 articles that included at least 1 hip abnormality in relation to sexual functioning, sexual pain, or sexual activity. FAI, labral tears, and hip dysplasia can affect sexual activity, functioning, and positioning, and corrective surgery generally improves these metrics. Surgery improved vulvodynia, clitorodynia, and scrotal pain symptoms for some patients, though arthroscopy resulted in some instances of temporary pudendal nerve dysfunction. Conclusion This review may serve as an important resource for surgeons, healthcare providers, researchers, physical therapists, and patients to understand the relationship between the hips and sexual functioning, and to bridge the gaps among the disciplines of orthopedics, pelvic floor physiology, and sexual health. Hip anatomy impacts sexual activity, functioning, and positioning as well as vulvodynia and scrotal pain symptoms for some patients, and a comprehensive hip evaluation by a qualified hip specialist should be considered for patients with such complaints.