Dynamic beam control based on electrically switchable nanogratings from conducting polymers

Surging interests in point-of-device miniaturization have led to the development of metasurface-based optical components. Here, we demonstrate an electrically-driven ultracompact beam controller in the infrared spectral range. The effect benefits from diffraction gratings consisting of the commercially available conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS, which exhibits metal-to-insulator transition characteristics upon electrical biasing. By combining several metagratings with different superlattice periods in electrically isolated areas, our device enables diffraction beams at 16 and 33.5 degrees when applying voltages of only +/- 1 V. Furthermore, no diffraction is realized by switching off the plasmonic property of the gratings. Dynamic control of electromagnetic wave via the presented platforms could be transformative for sensing, imaging, and communication applications.