Unraveling the complex dynamics of signaling molecules in cellular signal transduction

Signaling molecules in cellular responses to foreign stimuli are described as static up- or down-concentration changes during signal transduction. This is because analytical methods for transducing molecules are much slower than the signaling events. In this study, we develop a dynamic cell model and reveal the temporal regulation of signal transduction events in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The model contained a set of 10 batches of redox-modified cells that mimic the temporal ROS accumulation events. Validating this dynamic cell model, we discover that cells survive early ROS attacks by activating the Nrf2/polysulfide/p62/CDK1 pathway. Nearly all signaling molecules exhibit time-dependent V-shape or inverse V-shape activation/feedback regulation dynamics in response to ROS accumulation. The results show that the dynamic cell model approach is invaluable for revealing complex signal intensity- and time-dependent cell signaling events.