Advancements and application of sustainable nanotechnology-based biomedical products in cancer therapeutics

Nanotechnology has gained widespread attention in various scientific fields due to the special properties of nanomaterials. Sustainable nanotechnology prioritizes minimizing the environmental impact of nanomaterials and manufacturing processes while ensuring biocompatibility and safety. By utilizing eco-friendly materials, renewable energy sources, and greener production techniques, sustainable nanotechnology addresses the pressing need for eco-conscious advancements in cancer treatment. The integration of sustainable nanotechnology with advanced imaging techniques enables precise tumor detection, characterization, and monitoring. To improve cancer treatment, sustainable nanotechnology-based novel carriers have attracted significant attention, which includes proteins, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, and antibody -drug conjugates that are employed for the co -delivery of phytochemicals and anticancer agents at the targeted sites. Green synthesis approaches to nanomaterials have gained attention due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, there are issues with this synthesis process, like bulk manufacturing, cytotoxicity of nanomaterials, and safe solvent selection. Furthermore, several of the anticipated sustainable nanotechnologies, such as gene- and immunotherapy-based nanoformulations and therapeutics, have redefined existing nanotechnologies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of eco-friendly and sustainable nanotechnology for cancer diagnostics and treatment, emphasizing the efficacy, safety, and environmental sustainability of current nanotechnology in cancer treatments.