Best practices and future challenges in the treatment of oral cancer

Objectives Oral cancer is among the most common tumour worldwide. Due to the anatomical peculiarities of the head and neck region, the treatment of oral cancer is a major challenge with regard to the preservation of aesthetics and function. The aim of the present study is to analyze currently practiced therapeutic strategies as well as current and future challenges in the therapy of oral cancer. Methods A Pubmed-based selective literature search was performed considering literature predominantly from 2021 to 2022. Search terms were "oral cancer," "oral cavity cancer," and "head and neck cancer." Results Head and neck tumours are the seventh most common cancer worldwide. The suspected diagnosis of oral cancer is often made by outpatient dentists during routine examinations. With the outbreak of the 2020 COVID 19 pandemic, risk behaviour has changed with regard to the development and diagnosis of oral cancer. The gold standard of therapy is surgical resection. The need for adjuvant therapy measures depends on the histopathological TNM stage and other defined risk factors. Recurrences occur frequently and should be evaluated with regard to renewed surgical therapy. Future treatment strategies are aimed at early diagnosis, precision in resection, the use of digital technologies, and aspects of quality assurance. The economic importance in the treatment of oral cancer is currently given little consideration. Conclusions The study presents a selective portfolio of treatment strategies currently practiced in Germany and in many parts of the world. In addition, future challenges in the therapy of oral cancer, in particular squamosa cell carcinoma, are presented.