Heterogeneity of emotion regulation strategies in patients with alcohol use disorder during the first year of abstinence: a clustering analysis

Aims Studies examining the use of specific emotion regulation (ER) strategies in patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) are mainly focused on intergroup comparisons to the detriment of intragroup variability. Yet, these patients are in fact characterized by emotional deficits of varying severity, and we seek to identify different patterns of ER strategies in people with AUD during their first year of abstinence. Methods Based on the ER strategies used by a large sample of patients with AUD, we applied cluster analysis to identify the existence of subgroups using distinct patterns of adaptive and nonadaptive strategies. To characterize these groups, we compared their clinical characteristics and then their emotional regulation strategies to those of control consumers. Results A first cluster, representing 61% of the sample, is constituted by individuals with high adaptive strategy scores and high nonadaptive strategy scores; a second cluster, representing 39% of the sample, corresponds to individuals with low adaptive strategy scores and high nonadaptive strategy scores. The individuals in these two clusters differed in terms of anxiety level and abstinence time. Compared with control consumers, the use of nonadaptive ER strategies remained lower for the two clusters, while the use of adaptative strategies differed. Conclusions Our results support the idea of considering the heterogeneity of emotional capacities in individuals with AUD during the first year of abstinence. The identification of these profiles suggests either the existence of different adaptive ER capacities at baseline or a specific recovery of adaptive strategies over this period.