Novel Therapeutics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Focus on Adult Stem Cells

被引:1
|
作者
Nandula, Seshagiri Rao [1 ,2 ]
Nylen, Eric S. [1 ,2 ]
Sen, Sabyasachi [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Washington, DC USA
[2] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Washington, DC USA
[3] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20422 USA
关键词
obesity; liver; NAFLD; antioxidants; stem cells; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; VITAMIN-E; OBESITY; MITOCHONDRIA;
D O I
10.1089/met.2022.0069
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder that is associated with abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver, which can lead to a wide variety of pathological liver defects and associated insulin resistance (IR), obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The molecular mechanisms that cause the initiation and progression of NAFLD are not fully understood. Increased lipolysis and de novo hepatic lipid synthesis lead to oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Both these two entities could be interrelated and be an important mechanistic pathway, which can lead to tissue injury and hepatic cell death. Mechanisms for worsening of NAFLD include mitochondrial abnormalities, downregulation of glutathione (GSH), decreased activity of GSH-dependent antioxidants, accumulation of activated macrophages, hepatic inflammation, systemic inflammation, IR, and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although no specific therapy has been approved for NAFLD, we review the latest medical therapeutics with emphasis on stem cell-based possibilities based on the presumed pathophysiology of NAFLD.
引用
收藏
页码:71 / 78
页数:8
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