Police Funding and Crime Rates in 20 of Canada's Largest Municipalities: A Longitudinal Study

被引:3
|
作者
Seabrook, Melanie S. S. [1 ,2 ]
Luscombe, Alex [3 ]
Balian, Nicole [1 ,4 ]
Lofters, Aisha [5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ]
Matheson, Flora I. [3 ,5 ,7 ]
O'neill, Braden G. [7 ,8 ,9 ]
Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi [10 ]
Persaud, Navindra [2 ,7 ,8 ]
Pinto, Andrew D. [1 ,2 ,8 ]
机构
[1] St Michaels Hosp, Unity Hlth Toronto, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Upstream Lab,MAP Ctr Urban Hlth Solut, Toronto, ON, Canada
[2] Univ Toronto, Inst Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Toronto, Ctr Criminol & Sociolegal Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada
[4] York Univ, Fac Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
[5] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
[6] Womens Coll Hosp, Womens Coll Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada
[7] St Michaels Hosp, Unity Hlth Toronto, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, MAP Ctr Urban Hlth Solut, Toronto, ON, Canada
[8] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada
[9] North York Gen Hosp, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada
[10] Univ Toronto, Dept Sociol, Toronto, ON, Canada
来源
CANADIAN PUBLIC POLICY-ANALYSE DE POLITIQUES | 2023年 / 49卷 / 04期
关键词
budgets de police; financement municipal; criminalite; police; forces de l'ordre; fonds policiers; DETERMINANTS; AMERICAN; THREAT; DROP;
D O I
10.3138/cpp.2022-050
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
Tandis que la litterature evaluant diverses pratiques et reformes policieres continue de s'accroitre, il y a presentement peu de recherche qui examine le financement de la police au Canada. Pour decrire la situation presente du financement de la police au Canada, nous recueillissions et publions des donnees sur les depenses municipales de services policiers de 2010 a 2021 de 20 des municipalites urbaines les plus peuplees au Canada. Notre analyse decrit le changement du financement de la police au cours du temps et la variation entre les differentes regions, et examine la correlation entre le financement et les taux de crime. Les depenses sur les services policiers sont extraits des budgets municipaux, et les donnees sur les populations et sur l'indice de gravite de la criminalite sont extraits des bases de donnees de Statistique Canada. En 2019, les services policiers etaient la plus grande depense de fonctionnement dans une majorite des municipalites. Les montants des depenses par habitant en dollars constants sur les services policiers augmentent dans 16/20 municipalites entre 2010 et 2020. Il y a des differences marquees entre les depenses des municipalites : en 2019, en dollars 2020, Vancouver a depense $495.84 par habitant pendant que la Ville de Quebec a depense $217.05 par habitant. Il n'y a pas de correlations uniformes entre les depenses policieres et les taux de crime des municipalites. Cependant, des augmentations nettes de depenses par habitant ne sont pas associees avec des reductions plus importantes de taux de crime. Ces resultats decrivent la grande variation locale des tendances de fonds policiers, et indiquent la complexite des interactions entre les taux de crime et les fonds policiers. Although the literature evaluating various police practices and reforms continues to broaden, little research has examined police funding in Canada. To describe the current landscape of Canada's police funding, we collect and publish data on municipal police service expenditures from 2010 to 2021 in 20 of the most populous urban municipalities in Canada. Our analysis describes how police funding changes over time and varies between regions, and it examines its correlation with crime rates. Spending on police services is extracted from municipal budgets, and population and crime severity index data are collected from Statistics Canada databases. In 2019, police services were the top operating expenditure in a majority of the municipalities. Real per capita spending on police services increased in 16 of 20 municipalities from 2010 to 2020. Marked differences are seen in spending between municipalities: in 2019, in 2020 dollars, Vancouver spent $495.84 per capita, whereas Quebec City spent $217.05 per capita. No consistent associations were found between police funding and crime rates across municipalities, and overall, net increases in spending per capita are not associated with greater net decreases in crime rates. These findings describe the wide local variation in police funding trends and point to the complexity of interactions between crime rates and police funding.
引用
收藏
页码:383 / 398
页数:16
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [11] A Longitudinal Study of Police Differential Response Team Impact on Crime in Houston: A Test of Broken Windows Thesis
    Zhao, Jihong
    Zhang, Yan
    POLICE QUARTERLY, 2023, 26 (02) : 143 - 168
  • [12] Urban greenness and mortality in Canada's largest cities: a national cohort study
    Crouse, Dan L.
    Pinault, Lauren
    Balram, Adele
    Hystad, Perry
    Peters, Paul A.
    Chen, Hong
    van Donkelaar, Aaron
    Martin, Randall V.
    Menard, Richard
    Robichaud, Alain
    Villeneuve, Paul J.
    LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH, 2017, 1 (07): : E289 - E297
  • [13] Contemporary police strategies of crime control in U.S. and China: a comparative study
    Liang Wang
    Jihong Solomon Zhao
    Crime, Law and Social Change, 2016, 66 : 525 - 537
  • [14] Longitudinal study of paralytic shellfish toxins along Canada ' s coast
    You, Shuai
    Xing, Li
    Lesperance, Mary
    Pan, Youlian
    Zhang, Xuekui
    ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2024, 252
  • [15] A longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease: rates of cognitive and functional decline
    Suh, GH
    Ju, YS
    Yeon, BK
    Shah, A
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, 2004, 19 (09) : 817 - 824
  • [16] Parolee concentration, parolee embeddedness, and the reciprocal relationship with crime rates: A longitudinal study of neighbourhoods and re-entry
    Luo, Xiaoshuang Iris
    Hipp, John R.
    Boessen, Adam
    JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY, 2024, 57 (04): : 515 - 540
  • [17] Canada's cannabis legalization and adult crime patterns, 2015-2021: A time series study
    Callaghan, Russell C.
    Sanches, Marcos
    Hathaway, Andrew
    Asbridge, Mark
    Kish, Stephen J.
    ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS, 2023, 146
  • [18] Political Culture Versus Socioeconomic Approaches to Predicting Police Strength in U.S. Police Agencies: Results of a Longitudinal Study, 1993 to 2003
    Zhao, Jihong
    Ren, Ling
    Lovrich, Nicholas P.
    CRIME & DELINQUENCY, 2012, 58 (02) : 167 - 195
  • [19] High mortality among women living with HIV enrolled in Canada's largest community-based cohort study
    Kaida, A.
    Gormley, R.
    Webster, K.
    Carter, A.
    Nicholson, V.
    Wang, L.
    Sereda, P.
    Hogg, R.
    de Pokomandy, A.
    Loutfy, M.
    JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY, 2018, 21 : 102 - 102
  • [20] Wilson's theory of local political culture revisited in today's police organizations Findings from longitudinal panel study
    Zhao, Jihong
    Ren, Ling
    Lovrich, Nicholas
    POLICING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICE STRATEGIES & MANAGEMENT, 2010, 33 (02) : 287 - 304