Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Amaranthus caudatus leaf extract and its non-enzymatic glucose sensor application

Due to environmental concerns, the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials has increasingly relied on non-hazardous reducing agents. In this study, we focused on utilizing a green reducing agent, namely Amaranthus caudatus leaf extract, to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the synthesized CuO NPs exhibited a well-defined crystalline structure, with an average crystallite size of 33 nm determined using the Debye-Scherrer equation. To detect various sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, mannose, and sucrose), a cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was employed, with a linear detection range spanning from 1 to 10 mM. The sensitivity values for the sugars were calculated based on the slope of the linearity curve. Notably, the CuO NPs exhibited high sensitivity towards glucose sugar, with sensitivity values of 450 mu A mM(-)1 cm(-2). These findings suggest that the synthesized CuO NPs hold great promise as an effective material for applications in sugar sensing.