Enhanced performance of the mechanical respiratory system by FPGA-digital based on PID Controller

In mechanical ventilators, ensuring reliable performance and rapid response has become one of the most critical considerations when evaluating non-invasive ventilators. The current design, which utilizes a microprocessor in the embedded system, faces challenges such as low speed, accumulated errors, and jitter phenomena. As a solution, we introduce a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based approach to significantly enhance respiratory performance. This paper introduces a pulse generator, quadrature decoder, and digital control scheme to be integrated into a compact controller for the inner loop of the system. Upon receiving user commands, the pulse generator produces signals with varying duty cycles to drive the motor. The feedback signal is monitored using a quadrature decoder, ensuring precise motor operation. To validate the practical effectiveness of our approach, we have implemented a real-world testing system to evaluate the controller's performance. Our approach achieves a cycle time of approximately 20ns, ensuring real-time performance that cannot be attained with an embedded system. Furthermore, the concurrent framework we employ facilitates faster processing while optimizing resource utilization.