New generation commerce: The rise of live commerce (L-commerce)

Live commerce (L-commerce) is an emerging distribution channel that has transformed consumer shopping preferences. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers' need for non-face-to-face (NFTF) commerce increased rapidly. However, unlike face-to-face (FTF) commerce, NFTF commerce has disadvantages. It lacks interactivity. The newly emerged L-commerce addresses this deficiency using real-time streaming technology. It is positively evaluated in various business segments. This study investigated the structural relationships between the characteristics of L-commerce, customer satisfaction, repurchase intention, and customer loyalty to L -com-merce. The moderating effects of security and privacy (SP) and the perceived price advantage (PPA) were further examined. The findings represent a priori research that empirically proves the effectiveness of L-commerce.