Ultrasound Radiomics-Based Logistic Regression Model to Differentiate Between Benign and Malignant Breast Nodules

Objectives To explore the potential value of ultrasound radiomics in differentiating between benign and malignant breast nodules by extracting the radiomic features of two-dimensional (2D) grayscale ultrasound images and establishing a logistic regression model. Methods The clinical and ultrasound data of 1000 female patients (500 pathologically benign patients, 500 pathologically malignant patients) who underwent breast ultrasound examinations at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were randomly divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Once the region of interest (ROI) of the lesion was manually contoured, Spearman's rank correlation, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the Boruta algorithm were adopted to determine optimal features and establish a logistic regression classification model. The performance of the model was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration and decision curves (DCA). Results Eight ultrasound radiomic features were selected to establish the model. The AUC values of the model were 0.979 and 0.977 in the training and validation sets, respectively (P = .0029), indicating good discriminative ability in both datasets. Additionally, the calibration and DCA suggested that the model's calibration efficiency and clinical application value were both superior. Conclusions The proposed logistic regression model based on 2D grayscale ultrasound images could facilitate differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast nodules. The model, which was constructed using ultrasound radiomic features identified in this study, demonstrated good diagnostic performance and could be useful in helping clinicians formulate individualized treatment plans for patients.