Hepatocellular carcinoma in a large cohort of type 2 diabetes patients

Aims: To elucidate the current burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in type 2 diabetes (DM2) with a focus on the associated clinical determinants.Methods: Incidence of HCC between 2009 and 2019 in the diabetic and general population was calculated from regional administrative and hospital databases. Potential determinants of the disease were evaluated with a follow-up study.Results: In the DM2 population, the incidence resulted in 8.05 cases per 10,000 yearly. This rate was three times higher than that of the general population. 137,158 patients with DM2 and 902 HCC were found for the cohort study. The survival of HCC patients was 1/3 of that of cancer-free diabetic controls. Age, male sex, alcohol abuse, previous viral hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis, low platelet count, elevated GGT/ALT, higher BMI and HbA1c levels were associated with HCC occurrence. Diabetes therapy was not adversely associated with HCC development.Conclusion: Incidence of HCC in DM2 is more than tripled compared to the general population with high mor-tality. These figures are higher than those expected from the previous evidence. In parallel with known risk factors for liver disease, such as viruses and alcohol, insulin-resistance characteristics are associated with a higher probability of HCC.