Steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite structures: A review

Steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite structures (SCSSCSs) have become popular and been used as the highrise-building shear walls, immersed and shielding tunnels, bridge and offshore platform deck, nuclear shielding walls, protective structures, and bridge piers. This paper firstly made a review of 172 papers on developments of SCSSCSs and their different types of connectors. Followed, the compression behaviours of SCSSCS walls were reviewed, and theoretical models on predicting the ultimate compression resistance of SCSSCS walls were summarized. Thirdly, this study also summarized the previous investigations on behaviours of SCSSCS walls/ slabs under out-of-plane (OP) loads and their key influencing parameters were also presented. Moreover, previous theoretical models on OP flexural bending and shear resistances were reviewed. Seismic behaviours of different types of SCSSCS walls have also been reviewed. Their failure modes, influencing parameters, and theoretical models on lateral shear resistances of SCSSCS walls were also reviewed. Finally, this paper reviewed the studies on behaviours of SCSSCS walls under OP patch loads. The review also revealed the key influencing parameters on the punching shear behaviours of SCSSCS walls. In addition, the general load-deflection behaviour and punching shear theoretical models were also summarized based on extensive test results. Finally, the useful conclusions were made based on this extensive review.