Smartphone-based fluorescence spectroscopic device for cervical precancer diagnosis: a random forest classification of in vitro data

Cervical cancer can be treated and cured if diagnosed at an early stage. Optical devices, developed on smartphonebased platforms, are being tested for this purpose as they are cost-effective, robust, and field portable, showing good efficiency compared to the existing commercial devices. This study reports on the applicability of a 3D printed smartphone-based spectroscopic device (3D-SSD) for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The proposed device has the ability to evaluate intrinsic fluorescence (IF) from the collected polarized fluorescence (PF) and elastic scattering (ES) spectra from cervical tissue samples of different grades. IF spectra of 30 cervical tissue samples have been analyzed and classified using a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF)based multi-class classification algorithm with an overall accuracy above 90%. The usage of smartphone for image collection, spectral data analysis, and display makes this device a potential contender for use in clinics as a regular screening tool. (c) 2023 Optica Publishing Group