[1] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA
[2] Harvard Sch Business, Boston, MA USA
[3] Yale Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
[4] Yale New Haven Hosp, Ctr Outcomes Res & Evaluat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
[5] Yale Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Cardiovasc Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA