Recent advances in immobilized noble metal catalysts in aqueous media for organic reactions

Conventional homogeneous catalyst systems for organic reactions using noble metals generate large amounts of both metallic and organic solvent wastes, which results in expensive manufacturing costs and the accumulation of hazardous compounds in the bio- and litho-sphere. Therefore, the application of immobilized metal active centers as heterogeneous catalysts for aqueous media reactions has been welcomed by researchers, and consequently a wide range of recyclable heterogeneous catalysts have emerged for this purpose. This review focuses on immobilized noble metal catalysts for organic reactions in water reported in the last two years, and suggests the extensive prospects in the field.