Prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics

被引:50
|
作者
Simonsson, Otto [1 ,2 ,7 ]
Hendricks, Peter S. [3 ]
Chambers, Richard [4 ]
Osika, Walter [1 ]
Goldberg, Simon B. [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Psychiat Res, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Univ Oxford, Dept Sociol, Oxford, England
[3] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL USA
[4] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Consciousness & Contemplat Studies, Melbourne, Australia
[5] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Hlth Minds, Madison, WI USA
[6] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Counseling Psychol, Madison, WI USA
[7] Norra Stationsgatan 69, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden
基金
瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
Psychedelics; Psilocybin; LSD; Adverse; Risk; Challenging; CEQ; PSILOCYBIN;
D O I
10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.073
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Previous studies have investigated challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences, but little is known about the prevalence and associations of such experiences. Using nationally representative data of the US adult population (N = 2822), this study examined the prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult, or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics, in a subsample of respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use (n = 613). Of the 613 respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use, the majority of them (59.1 %) had never had a challenging, difficult, or distressing experience using a classic psychedelic, but 8.9 % of respondents reported functional impairment that lasted longer than one day as a result of such experiences. Notably, 2.6 % reported seeking medical, psychiatric, or psychological assistance in the days or weeks following their most challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experience. In covariate-adjusted regression models, co-use of lithium, co-use of other mood stabilizers, and six set and setting variables (no preparation, disagreeable physical environment, negative mindset, no psychological support, dose was too large, major life event prior to experience) were associated with the degree of difficulty; and co-use of lithium, co-use of other mood stabilizers, and three set and setting variables (negative mindset, no psychological support, major life event prior to experience) were associated with overall risk of harm. In summary, this study provides insight into the prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences. The findings broadly correspond with findings from previous studies and can inform harm reduction efforts and future experimental research designs.
引用
收藏
页码:105 / 110
页数:6
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