Multiple-layer energy management strategy for charging station optimal operation considering peak and valley shaving

Existing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications are aimed at the power grid and the government. It is difficult for charging stations (CSs) to execute the schedules in real time. To figure out the multiple-layer energy management from the perspective of CS, the dispatch potential assessment model is constructed based on the EV users' charging demand and Minkowski summation. And the optimal energy management schedule model of CS with ESS is proposed considering peak shaving and valley filling under the time-in-use tariff. Besides, the real-time charging control model of EVs in CS is designed under the premise of meeting the charging needs. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can promote CS operation revenues and track the scheduling plan of CS. The arbitrage of tariffs and peak shaving ancillary services are realized while the charging loads of CSs are smoothed by the charging/discharging of ESS. The proposed strategy is applicable for the CS aggregators and can help the grid operators for dispatch schedules.