Ready to Manage a Global Pandemic? Explaining the Involvement of the EU in the 2013-2016 Ebola Outbreak

被引:1
|
作者
Bravo-Laguna, Carlos [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
[2] Inst Barcelona Estudis Int, Barcelona, Spain
[3] Univ Pompeu Fabra UPF, Barcelona, Spain
关键词
Policy-relevant; Ebola; networks; European Union; crisis management; relevante para las politicas; ebola; redes; Union Europea; gestion de crisis; pertinent sur le plan politique; reseaux; Union europeenne; gestion de crise; GOVERNANCE; EPIDEMIC; CHALLENGES; NETWORKS; DRIVERS; AFRICA;
D O I
10.1093/isp/ekad021
中图分类号
D81 [国际关系];
学科分类号
030207 ;
摘要
A virulent outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease killed thousands of individuals between December 2013 and June 2016. The risk of contagion among European Union (EU) citizens increased its salience to unprecedented levels for an outbreak that primarily affected sub-Saharan Africa. Considering the need for analyzing recent external transboundary outbreak responses in the post-COVID-19 era, this paper explains the involvement of the EU in the Ebola outbreak. By combining descriptive social network analysis with fourteen semi-structured interviews, it provides original insights into European politics and crisis management scholarship. The findings partially support theoretical expectations regarding the relevance of postcolonial ties and institutional frameworks in the reaction. It also suggests that neorealist literature fails to capture its full complexity. Hence, institutional deficiencies explain the low centrality and flawed coordination among EU actors in the response. Additionally, postcolonial ties with the affected countries facilitated the involvement of Western governments in the reaction. However, not all former colonial powers were equally involved in the response. Finally, countries that registered infections did not necessarily play central roles in this effort. These findings have broader implications for the involvement of the EU in future external outbreaks, including the need for establishing clearer and explicit allocations of competences. Resumen: Un virulento brote de la enfermedad del virus del ebola mato a miles de personas entre diciembre de 2013 y junio de 2016. El riesgo de contagio entre los ciudadanos de la Union Europea aumento su prominencia hasta niveles sin precedentes para un brote de este tipo, que afecto principalmente al africa subsahariana. Este articulo explica la actuacion de la UE con respecto al brote de ebola, teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de analizar las recientes respuestas a los brotes transfronterizos externos en la era posterior a la COVID-19. El articulo proporciona informacion original sobre la politica europea y sobre los estudios en materia de gestion de crisis, mediante la combinacion del analisis descriptivo de redes sociales con 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las conclusiones apoyan parcialmente las expectativas teoricas con respecto a la relevancia de los lazos poscoloniales y de los marcos institucionales con relacion a la reaccion, pero tambien sugiere que la literatura neorrealista no logra captar toda su complejidad. Por lo tanto, las deficiencias institucionales explican la baja centralidad y la coordinacion defectuosa entre los agentes de la UE en su respuesta a los brotes. Ademas, aunque los lazos poscoloniales con los paises afectados facilitaron la participacion de los Gobiernos occidentales en la reaccion, no todas las antiguas potencias coloniales se implicaron de igual manera en la respuesta. Por ultimo, los paises que registraron infecciones no desempenaron, necesariamente, un papel relevante en estos esfuerzos. Estas conclusiones tienen implicaciones mas amplias de cara a la actuacion de la UE en futuros brotes externos, incluyendo la necesidad de establecer atribuciones de competencias mas claras y explicitas. Resume: Le virus Ebola a tue des milliers de personnes entre decembre 2013 et juin 2016. Le risque de contagion chez les citoyens de l'Union europeenne a atteint des niveaux inedits pour un virus principalement present en Afrique subsaharienne. Au vu de la necessite d'analyser les reponses recentes aux virus transfrontaliers externes a l'ere d'apres Covid-19, cet article explique le role joue par l'UE dans la lutte contre Ebola. Il combine une analyse de reseau social descriptive a 14 entretiens semi-structures pour apporter de nouveaux renseignements sur la politique europeenne et la recherche en gestion de crise. Les conclusions confirment en partie les attentes theoriques quant a la pertinence des liens postcoloniaux et des cadres institutionnels dans la reaction. L'article suggere egalement que la litterature neorealiste ne represente pas entierement sa complexite. Aussi, les defaillances institutionnelles expliquent le role secondaire et la mauvaise coordination des acteurs de l'UE dans la reponse. Par ailleurs, les liens postcoloniaux avec les pays affectes ont facilite l'implication des gouvernements occidentaux dans la reaction. Neanmoins, toutes les anciennes puissances coloniales ne se sont pas impliquees a niveau egal. Enfin, les pays qui ont comptabilise des infections n'ont pas forcement joue un role central dans cet effort. Ces resultats ont des implications plus larges pour le role joue par l'UE lors de futures epidemies, et notamment la necessite d'etablir des allocations plus claires et explicites de competences.
引用
收藏
页码:469 / 489
页数:21
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