Performance analysis of smart grid distribution system using global EV charging station as smart load based on automatic variac transformer

The Electric Vehicle (EV) has numerous environmental and socio-economic benefits. This paper presents the performance of connecting EV to the adjusted grid distribution system based on an Automatic Variac Transformer (AVT). AVT is used as an automatic AC Feeder for the EV with no rectification unit (offboard) and for the EV with a rectification unit (on-board). Using electronic switches in AVT allowed obtaining multiple output voltages according to the conditions of connecting the switches and the voltage required to charge EVs which led to the use of EV charging stations as a smart load. The behavior of the electrical system has been presented under two cases (on-board and off-board) based on the scenarios of electronic switch connection for the automatic Variac Transformer. The modeling system has been built using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The results regarding the voltage level and power demand for EV have been analyzed. The voltage and current ripple were 11.1% and 30.5% for plug one and plug two respectively, in addition, the voltage and current ripple were 14.8% and 16.7% for plug three and plug four respectively.