Evolution of landscape pattern and response of ecosystem service value in international wetland cities: A case study of Nanchang City

Based on the natural resource endowment perspective, this paper examines how landscape patterns change over time and how ecosystem service value (ESV) responds to these changes, which plays an important role in rationalizing land use to make international wetland cities more sustainable. To identify the spatial and temporal variations in landscape patterns and ESV in Nanchang City and to investigate their relationships between them, six periods of land use data and associated socio-economic data from 1995 to 2020 were chosen as a sample of international wetland cities. The findings demonstrated that during the study period, the land use pattern of Nanchang City formed a landscape pattern dominated by cropland and supplemented by wetland, construction land, and woodland. And the ESV increased from 18,887.96 to 20,900.44 million yuan, with a total increase of 10.66 % in 25 years. Among them, the contribution of wetlands to the ESV was more than 71 %. The study also discovered that changes in landscape patterns significantly affect the ESV in Nanchang City, and the impact of landscape changes on the ESV varies among lands. In addition, although the ESV in Nanchang City has increased, there is still a risk of landscape fragility. This paper proposes relevant suggestions for increasing the ESV in Nanchang City by identifying key landscape pattern characteristics.