Assessment and pathways for improving municipal solid waste management in rapidly urbanizing Tehran, Iran

Effective waste management in Tehran faces significant challenges arising from urbanization and population growth. This study delves into the current state of municipal solid waste management in Tehran, examining technical, social, economic, environmental health, and structural dimensions to identify key issues. Data collection involved questionnaires and consultations with experts. Results indicate various problems, including incomplete waste production data recording systems, inefficient source separation programs, inappropriate waste storage, high collection frequencies, subpar compost production, unregulated informal waste picking, landfill non-compliance, and limited management capacities. Evidence-based solutions encompass comprehensive waste production monitoring systems, public education, improved storage infrastructure, reduced collection frequencies, modern composting technology adoption, and landfill upgrades. Policymaking recommendations include incentivizing informal waste collectors to formalize, preventing child labor, enhancing public participation, mitigating corruption, streamlining contracts, and promoting coordination. Overall, a collaborative approach, emphasizing personnel training, infrastructure enhancement, public awareness campaigns, and research and development, is pivotal in establishing an effective and sustainable waste management system in Tehran. This study contributes to crucial insights into Tehran's waste management challenges and offers potential pathways for improvement.