Comparison of the Chemical Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM1.0 and PM2.5 Using Real-time Air Quality Monitoring Network Data of Air Pollutants

In this study, the mass concentration and chemical properties of PM1.0 and PM2.5 were compared and analyzed in Seoul and Baengnyeong during 2020 similar to 2022. The data reliability was evaluated by comparing real-time and filter-based mass concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5. The correlation between the mass concentration of real-time and filter-based PM2.5 was higher than 0.92 in both sites, and the seasonal trend of mass concentration was similar, which means that the two measurement methods are evaluated to be reliable. The PM1.0/PM2.5 ratio of mass concentration was high, accounting for about 80% in both Seoul and Baeungnyeong. The chemical composition and seasonal characteristics of PM1.0 and PM2.5 were similar, confirming that the contribution of PM1.0 to PM2.5 was high. The high concentration case studies and PMF model results show that the secondary pollutants were mainly distributed below PM1.0 and highly affected the production of PM2.5. This study is expected to provide information on evaluating the reliability of real-time measurement and filter-based data and on understanding the chemical composition and source characteristics of PM1.0.