Optimizing thermosolutal and hydrothermal performance of radiative hybrid ferrofluid and entropy generation in a wavy porous enclosure

This research conducts a comprehensive investigation to enhance the thermosolutal and hydrothermal efficiency of a radiative Fe3O4-Cu-H2O hybrid ferrofluid within a wavy porous enclosure with the enlightenment for heat transfer and material science. The primary focus is on optimizing the thermosolutal performance in this irregular enclosure in which the lower boundary undergoes non -uniform heating and concentration, and the curved lateral boundaries keep cooling, lower concentration. Simultaneously, the upper flat boundary remains adiabatic. Using an efficient Higher Order Compact (HOC) scheme, we solve the governing streamfunction (P")-vorticity (C) form with the incorporation of energy and species transport equations of the coupled Navier- Stokes equations. Our results are robust and validated against established experimental and numerical data sources. The investigation delves into the impacts of well-defined parameters such as Rayleigh number (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), Buoyancy ratio (N), Lewis number (Le), Radiation parameter (Rd), shape factor of nanoparticles (m) and solid volume fraction (Ohnp) of the hybrid ferrofluid. Key findings underscore the consistent enhancement of both average Nusselt number (Nu) and average Sherwood number (Sh) with higher Buoyancy Ratio Numbers (N). Blades -shaped nanoparticles (m = 8.6) demonstrate superior performance in both unitary and hybrid ferrofluid systems. Optimal conditions, identified at Ohnp=0.04 and Ra = 104 by the Bejan number (Be), underscore the positive impact of higher Buoyancy Ratio Numbers (N), resulting in a 25.41% increase in Nu and an impressive 43.81% boost in Sh observed from the shifting of N= 0 to N= 10.