Event-Related Potentials of Belief-Bias Reasoning Predict Critical Thinking

被引:0
|
作者
Lv, Xiaojing [1 ]
Jia, Yujie [1 ]
Brinthaupt, Thomas M. [2 ]
Ren, Xuezhu [1 ]
机构
[1] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Educ, Luoyu Rd 1037, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China
[2] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Psychol, Murfreesboro, TN USA
关键词
critical thinking skills; conflict control; inhibition; metacognition; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INTELLIGENCE; COGNITION; CONFLICT; DYNAMICS; DISPOSITIONS; HEURISTICS; MODULATION; SEMANTICS;
D O I
10.1037/edu0000845
中图分类号
G44 [教育心理学];
学科分类号
0402 ; 040202 ;
摘要
Despite the recognized importance of addressing belief bias in critical thinking, little is known about the neural activity underlying belief-bias reasoning and its connection to critical thinking. The study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the neural responses during belief-bias reasoning and explored the extent to which these ERPs explained individual differences in critical thinking. A sample of university students (N = 72) participated in a belief-bias syllogistic reasoning task while their electroencephalographic data were recorded. The task manipulated conflicts between belief and logic within each syllogism. Additionally, participants completed established tests to assess their critical thinking. Our findings revealed that participants with high levels of critical thinking exhibited larger amplitudes of the P600 and late positive component (LPC), indicating enhanced syntactic analysis and relation integration. Moreover, those with high levels of critical thinking displayed smaller N400 amplitudes, suggesting reduced reliance on automatic semantic processing. Notably, participants, especially those with high levels of critical thinking, demonstrated larger late negative component (LNC) amplitudes in response to incongruent syllogisms than to congruent syllogisms, highlighting their heightened capacity to address conflicts between belief and logic. Furthermore, regression analyses indicated that critical thinking relied on both addressing conflicts between belief and logic, as indexed by the LNC, and generating conclusions, as indexed by the P3 components (including both P600 and LPC). These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of critical thinking by shedding light on the neural processes associated with unbiased reasoning and metacognition, as well as offer implications for assessing critical thinking.
引用
收藏
页数:16
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [21] Human auditory event-related potentials predict duration judgments
    Bendixen, A
    Grimm, S
    Schröger, E
    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 2005, 383 (03) : 284 - 288
  • [22] Effect of Probability Information on Bayesian Reasoning: A Study of Event-Related Potentials
    Shi, Zifu
    Yin, Lin
    Dong, Jian
    Ma, Xiang
    Li, Bo
    FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 2019, 10
  • [23] Overcoming perceptual features in logical reasoning: An event-related potentials study
    Prado, Jerome
    Kaliuzhna, Maria
    Cheylus, Anne
    Noveck, Ira A.
    NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 2008, 46 (11) : 2629 - 2637
  • [24] An Inverse Belief-Bias Effect More Evidence for the Role of Inhibitory Processes in Logical Reasoning
    Markovits, Henry
    Saelen, Cecile
    Forgues, Hugues Lortie
    EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2009, 56 (02) : 112 - 120
  • [25] Emotion, attention, and the 'negativity bias', studied through event-related potentials
    Carretié, L
    Mercado, F
    Tapia, M
    Hinojosa, JA
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 2001, 41 (01) : 75 - 85
  • [26] Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety as Detected by Event-Related Brain Potentials
    Moser, Jason S.
    Hajcak, Greg
    Huppert, Jonathan D.
    Foa, Edna B.
    Simons, Robert F.
    EMOTION, 2008, 8 (05) : 693 - 700
  • [27] Negativity bias of the self across time: An event-related potentials study
    Luo, Yangmei
    Huang, Xiting
    Chen, Youguo
    Jackson, Todd
    Wei, Dongtao
    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 2010, 475 (02) : 69 - 73
  • [28] Critical review of the international literature on event-related potentials and evoked potentials in 1997
    Guerit, JM
    NEUROPHYSIOLOGIE CLINIQUE-CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 1998, 28 (01): : 73 - 79
  • [29] Event-related potentials in epilepsy
    Zhu, H
    Greathouse, NI
    Drake, ME
    Tong, XX
    Armentbright, AD
    EPILEPSIA, 1999, 40 : 176 - 176
  • [30] BIOFEEDBACK OF EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS
    ROSENFELD, JP
    STAMM, J
    ELBERT, T
    ROCKSTROH, B
    BIRBAUMER, N
    ROGER, M
    ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1984, 425 (JUN) : 653 - 666