Geochemical Assessment of the Spring Waters in the Pushkinsky District, Moscow Region

Springs are an essential drinking water resource. Therefore, it is necessary to control spring water quality under the increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of major ions and trace elements in the waters of 28 springs in the Pushkinsky district of the Moscow region. The macro- and micro-component composition of groundwater of various aquifers was characterized according to the sampling data of springs. It is shown that the mean contents of trace elements in the waters of springs were at the level of concentrations characteristic of groundwater in the leaching zone of a temperate climate. Based on the thermodynamic calculation using the Visual-MINTEQ software, it was found that the predominant dissolved forms of Ba, Sr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Co were free ions in the waters of the surveyed springs, while Cu and Pb were mainly presented in the form of carbonate and organic complexes.