Bovine C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 Expression Is Regulated by Alternative Polyadenylation and MicroRNAs

Alternative polyadenylation (APA), including APA that occurs only in the 3 ' UTR (3 ' UTR-APA), is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that leads to distinct 3 ' UTRs for some genes, increasing the complexity of the transcriptome. The post-transcriptional events regulating the expression of bovine, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14) gene, remains largely unknown. Here, we find that the bovine CXCL14 gene produces two different lengths of mRNA isoforms due to 3 ' UTR-APA, and the short and long 3 ' UTR is 126 bp and 1155 bp, respectively. We found that the expression level of the short isoform was significantly higher than that of the long isoform by luciferase assays and overexpression of different CXCL14 3 ' UTR-APA isoforms. Moreover, using luciferase assay and site-directed mutagenesis experiments, the results showed that the long CXCL14 3 ' UTR-APA isoform is downregulated by miR-17-5p, miR-150, and miR-217. However, because the short isoform lacks the true target of miR-17-5p, miR-150, and miR-217 in its 3 ' UTR and thus escapes the inhibitory effect of these microRNAs, its expression level is significantly higher than that of the long isoform. Finally, we demonstrate that the short CXCL14 3 ' UTR-APA isoform promotes preadipocyte proliferation by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assays. Collectively, our results show that the CXCL14 gene is post-transcriptionally regulated through APA and microRNAs.