Fecal calprotectin as an indicator in risk stratification of pouchitis following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis

Background Pouchitis is the most common complication following restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a noninvasive indicator of the intestinal inflammatory status. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical value of the FC concentration for the diagnosis and risk assessment of pouchitis. Patients and methods This retrospective study involved patients who underwent IPAA for UC at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019. The patients were categorized into pouchitis and non-pouchitis groups based on their Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI) score. Laboratory indicators, including the FC concentration, were collected from both groups. Results Sixty-six patients with UC after IPAA were included in the study and divided into the non-pouchitis group (n = 40) and pouchitis group (n = 26). The correlation coefficient between the FC concentration and the PDAI score was 0.651 (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the FC cut-off value for predicting pouchitis was 579.60 mu g/g (area under the curve, 0.938). The patients were then divided into three subgroups according to their PDAI score (0-2, 3-6, and >= 7), and significant differences in the FC concentration were found among the three subgroups. The best FC cut-off value for predicting a high risk of pouchitis (PDAI score of 3-6) was 143.25 mu g/g (area under the curve, 0.876). Conclusions FC is a useful biomarker in patients with pouchitis. Patients are advised to regularly undergo FC measurement to monitor for pouchitis. An FC concentration in the range of 143.25-579.60 mu g/g is predictive of a high risk for pouchitis, and further examination and preventive treatment are necessary in such patients. KEY MESSAGES Fecal calprotectin can be used to quantify pouch inflammation. Fecal calprotectin can be used to predict a high risk of pouchitis.