[1] Chuo Univ, Fac Commerce, 742-1 Higashinakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920393, Japan
[2] Waseda Univ, Fac Polit Sci & Econ, Tokyo, Japan
[3] RIETI, Tokyo, Japan
[4] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Fac Econ, Kyoto, Japan
[5] Hitotsubashi Univ, Inst Econ Res, Kunitachi, Japan